What characterizes conductive hearing loss?

Conductive hearing loss is characterized by a problem in the outer or middle ear that disrupts the transmission of sound to the inner ear. When assessing an audiogram for conductive hearing loss, a specific pattern is observed: air conduction thresholds are poorer than bone conduction thresholds. In cases of conductive hearing loss, the air conduction thresholds will be at least 15 dB worse than the bone conduction thresholds, which remain within the normal range. This creates a noticeable air-bone gap.

The distinction here is that bone conduction thresholds are unaffected by conductive issues, as bone conduction measures the inner ear's response directly, bypassing any issues in the outer or middle ear. Therefore, the presence of air gaps of 15 dB or greater alongside normal bone conduction findings is a clear indicator of conductive hearing loss. This delineates the physiological problem and helps guide appropriate interventions or referrals.

Other scenarios described do not correspond with the characteristics of conductive hearing loss, which is why they fall short of accurately defining the condition.