What condition is characterized by vertigo and hearing loss?

Meniere's disease is characterized by episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, fluctuating hearing loss, and a sensation of fullness in the ear. The condition primarily affects the inner ear and is thought to be related to abnormal fluid accumulation in the inner ear structures.

The hallmark symptoms are vertigo and hearing loss, which can occur together during an episode. The vertigo in Meniere's disease can be quite intense and may last from 20 minutes to several hours. The hearing loss associated with Meniere's disease often fluctuates and can become permanent over time if the condition continues to progress.

This distinct combination of vertigo and hearing loss is what sets Meniere's disease apart from other options. For instance, presbycusis is age-related hearing loss without the vertigo component, noise-induced hearing loss is associated with exposure to loud sounds, and ototoxicity relates to hearing loss due to certain medications without the direct symptom of vertigo. Thus, the specific combination of symptoms in Meniere's disease makes it the correct answer to the question.