What is Meniere's disease primarily characterized by?

Meniere's disease is primarily characterized by a build-up of fluid in the inner ear, which can lead to a variety of auditory and balance-related symptoms. The accumulation of fluid affects the inner ear's structure and functionality, particularly the cochlea and the vestibular system. This excess fluid can result in episodes of vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and a sensation of fullness or pressure in the affected ear. Understanding that the primary issue is fluid build-up is crucial for grasping the underlying pathology of Meniere's disease and its impact on hearing and balance.